Jejunostomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is created between the jejunum, the middle part of the small intestine, and the abdominal wall. This procedure is performed to provide a direct route for feeding or drainage when normal digestive processes are compromised or when other methods of nutrition are not feasible. The jejunum is brought through an incision in the abdominal wall to form a stoma, and a feeding tube is often inserted through this opening to allow for the administration of nutrition directly into the small intestine. The primary indications for jejunostomy include conditions that impair the function of the stomach or upper parts of the digestive tract, such as severe gastrointestinal disorders, head and neck cancers, or significant malabsorption issues that prevent adequate nutrition through oral intake. Complications associated with jejunostomy can include infection at the stoma site, leakage, or obstruction. Patients may also experience issues related to the feeding tube, such as blockage or dislodgement. Additionally, there is a risk of nutritional imbalances or deficiencies, as the jejunum's ability to absorb nutrients may be affected. Long-term complications may involve bowel obstruction or the development of scar tissue. Despite these risks, jejunostomy is a valuable procedure for providing necessary nutrition and managing severe gastrointestinal conditions, and careful postoperative care and monitoring are essential for minimizing complications and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
